Flying an aircraft is a long-cherished dream for many. There’s a unique thrill in cruising thousands of feet above the ground, controlling a machine that defies gravity. If you’re passionate about flying and want a career that quite literally takes you places, then becoming a pilot might be your perfect path.
As India’s economy grows, the need for air travel has increased manifold. The rising demand for air travel has also increased the need for professionally trained pilots. For those who want to be pilots, now is your time, with the economy and demand increasing.
Whether you aspire to be a commercial pilot, an airline captain, or a defence pilot, the journey requires dedication, proper training, and the right qualifications. In this detailed guide, we will outline how to become a pilot in India. We will cover all the important aspects you need to know about becoming a pilot in India.
Types of Pilots in India
Before starting your journey, it’s essential to understand the different types of pilots:
- Commercial Pilot (CPL): Works with airlines to transport passengers and cargo.
- Private Pilot (PPL): Flies for personal or recreational purposes, not for commercial gain.
- Airline Transport Pilot (ATPL): The highest level of pilot certification, required to be a captain.
- Military Pilot: Serves in the Indian Air Force (IAF) or other defence services.
- Helicopter Pilot: Operates helicopters in public safety, tourism, offshore oil rigs, or VIP transport.
Eligibility To Become A Pilot in India
Becoming a pilot in India is a step-by-step journey. Candidates need to fulfil specific education requirements, undergo rigorous training and obtain relevant licenses to become one. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has set clear rules that every aspiring pilot must follow.
Here is the minimum eligibility to become a pilot in India:
- Age requirement: Minimum 17 years old for a CPL.
- Education requirement: Minimum 10+2 with Physics and Mathematics. Pilot courses after 12th, while not mandatory, a Bachelor’s degree in Science or Engineering can be helpful.
- Language requirement: English proficiency (spoken and written) is essential.
- Citizenship: Must be a citizen of India, as foreigners can face restrictions in employment and licensing.
- Background checks: Must have no criminal record or history of drug or alcohol abuse.
- Medical fitness: Candidate must meet strict medical and physical fitness standards to ensure flight safety. There are various height, weight and vision requirements that candidates must fulfil as well. The candidate must pass a Class medical examination approved by DGCA.
Physical Eligibility Requirements To Become A Pilot For Males and Females
The physical demands of piloting an aircraft require candidates to meet stringent health and fitness standards. These requirements are generally the same for both male and female candidates, with a few minor differences. Here are the key physical eligibility requirements:
General Physical Requirements:
- Height: Minimum 152.5 cm (5 feet) for both males and females. Maximum height may vary depending on the aircraft type and employer
- Weight: Proportionate to height, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) typically between 18.5 and 25
- Vision: 6/6 vision in each eye separately (with or without corrective lenses). Normal colour vision (ability to distinguish between red and green colours)
- Hearing: Normal hearing ability in both ears. Must have the ability to hear a whispered voice at a distance of 2 meters in a quiet room
Medical Requirements
To become a pilot, candidates must obtain a Class 2 Medical Certificate for a Private Pilot License (PPL) and a Class 1 Medical Certificate for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL). These certificates are issued after a thorough medical examination conducted by DGCA-approved medical examiners. The examination includes:
- Cardiovascular health assessment
- Respiratory system evaluation
- Neurological examination
- Musculoskeletal system check
- Mental health evaluation
- Blood and urine tests
Specific Requirements for Females
While most physical requirements are the same for both genders, there are a few considerations specific to female pilots:
- Pregnancy: Female pilots are typically grounded during pregnancy and for a period after childbirth, as per DGCA regulations
- Menstrual health: Regular gynaecological check-ups may be required to ensure overall health and fitness for flying duties
It’s important to note that meeting these physical requirements is crucial for obtaining your pilot’s license and ensuring a long and successful career in aviation.
What are the Flight Training Requirements to Become a Pilot?
In India, flight training is governed by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), ensuring safety, consistency, and global-standard competence. Whether you’re pursuing a Private Pilot License (PPL) or aiming for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL), this phase determines your readiness to fly solo and eventually handle complex aviation operations. Given below is the flight training requirement to become a pilot:
Ground Training to Become a Pilot
Aviation Theory:
- Principles of flight
- Aircraft systems and instruments
- Navigation and meteorology
- Air traffic control procedures
- Aviation regulations and laws
Classroom Instruction:
- Typically, 150-200 hours of ground school
- Covers all theoretical aspects of flying
Simulator Training:
- Familiarisation with the cockpit layout and instruments
- Practice emergency procedures in a controlled environment
Minimum Flight Hours:
Private Pilot License (PPL): 40-50 hours of flight time
Commercial Pilot License (CPL):
- 100 hours as Pilot-in-Command (PIC)
- 20 hours of cross-country flight time
- 10 hours of instrument flight time
- 5 hours of night flying
Types of Flight Training For Pilots
- Solo flights
- Dual instruction flights
- Cross-country navigation
- Instrument flying
- Night flying
- Emergency procedures practice
Practical Examinations to Become a Pilot
- Pre-solo written test
- Solo endorsement flight test
- Cross-country flight planning and execution
- Instrument rating practical test
- Commercial pilot practical test (includes oral examination and flight test)
Additional Requirements to Become a Pilot
- Radio Telephony Restricted License (RTR): Required for communication with air traffic control
- Completion of the approved Aviation English Language Proficiency test
Meeting these flight training requirements demands dedication, perseverance, and a significant investment of time and resources. The next section will explore the selection process for aspiring pilots.
Selection Process To Become A Pilot
The selection process to become a pilot in India involves several critical steps designed to assess a candidate’s aptitude, academic qualifications, physical fitness, and flying potential. Whether you’re aiming for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL) or a career in the Indian Air Force, understanding this selection process is essential.
Academic Qualification and Stream Selection
Candidates must complete a 10+2 education with Physics and Mathematics. Students from non-science backgrounds can appear for the required subjects through the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS). A minimum aggregate score of 50% is generally preferred by top flying schools.
Medical Fitness Examination
All aspiring pilots must pass the DGCA-approved Class 2 medical test to begin flying training. Before applying for a CPL, a Class 1 medical fitness certificate is mandatory. Medical tests assess vision, hearing, cardiovascular health, neurological condition, BMI, and general physical fitness.
Pilot Aptitude Test
Many top flying schools conduct a Pilot Aptitude Battery Test (PABT) or Compass test to assess skills such as:
- Hand-eye coordination
- Multitasking ability
- Cognitive skills
- Reaction time and spatial awareness
Written Entrance Test (for some institutes)
Certain reputed aviation academies and institutions conduct written entrance exams.
Tests often cover:
- General knowledge
- Mathematics and Physics
- English comprehension
- Logical reasoning
Personal Interview and Psychometric Assessment
Shortlisted candidates may undergo an interview and/or a psychometric evaluation. These are conducted to assess personality traits, stress management capabilities, and communication skills—important for handling high-pressure aviation scenarios.
Selection by DGCA-Approved Flying School
Once selected, candidates can enrol in a DGCA-approved flying school. Admission is generally based on entrance exam performance, academic background, and interview results.
Background Verification
Flying schools and aviation authorities conduct a thorough background check. A clean criminal record and no history of substance abuse are essential.
Induction and Orientation
After admission, students undergo an orientation session that covers:
- Course curriculum
- Flight schedules
- Rules and regulations
- Safety protocols
How to Become A Pilot in India after 12th?
If you’ve completed Class 12 (with Science stream), you can begin your journey to becoming a pilot right away. Here are the key pathways:
- Choose Science Stream in 10+2: Physics and Mathematics are mandatory subjects to be eligible for pilot training. A minimum of 50% marks is usually required by most flying schools.
- Apply for a Student Pilot License (SPL): This is the first step in flight training. You must be at least 16 years old and pass a basic written exam and a medical test approved by DGCA.
- Enrol in a DGCA-approved flying School: Join a recognised institute in India that offers integrated training programs for obtaining a Commercial Pilot License (CPL). Training usually includes ground school, simulator sessions, and actual flight hours.
- Clear DGCA Class 1 Medical Examination: Before starting CPL training, candidates must pass the DGCA Class 1 Medical test to ensure they meet physical fitness and vision standards.
- Complete Ground Training & Flight Hours: Complete 200 hours of flying and ground school sessions covering aviation theory, navigation, meteorology, and regulations.
- Obtain a Private Pilot License (PPL): Some students obtain a PPL first (optional), which includes at least 40-50 hours of flight training. This step can help build confidence and foundational flying skills.
- Earn Your Commercial Pilot License (CPL): After fulfilling the required flight hours and passing DGCA exams, candidates are issued a CPL, allowing them to fly professionally.
- Apply for Type Rating (Optional for Commercial Aircraft): To fly specific aircraft models (like Airbus A320 or Boeing 737), pilots must undergo type-rating training post-CPL. Some airlines sponsor this, others require you to do it independently.
- Start Applying to Airlines or Aviation Companies: Once licensed, you can apply to airlines as a junior first officer or join general aviation, cargo, charter, or flight instructor roles.
How to Become A Pilot after Graduation
If you’ve already completed your graduation, there are several structured and professional routes to enter the aviation industry:
- Direct Entry Commercial Pilot Training: Enrol in a DGCA-approved flying school for Commercial Pilot License (CPL) training. This is a popular and efficient route that focuses entirely on flight education.
- Post-Graduate Diploma in Aviation: Offered by select aviation academies, these programs combine theoretical training with actual flight hours. Some include placement assistance or airline tie-ups.
- MBA in Aviation Management: For those who want a dual focus on flying and aviation business roles. Some programs may include pilot training as an additional module.
- Graduate Entry Pilot Schemes (By Airlines): Some airlines have structured pilot cadet programs exclusively for graduates. These are highly competitive and include training, mentorship, and job placement.
- Join the Indian Air Force (IAF): Apply through the Combined Defence Services (CDS) exam. Selected candidates undergo military-grade pilot training and serve as commissioned officers.
- Explore General Aviation Opportunities: Work with charter companies, corporate fleets, or as a flight instructor to build hours and gain experience. This route is often used to transition into commercial airlines later.
How to Become A Pilot in India? – Step-by-Step Guide
At the same time and it involves determination, commitment and planning. It does not matter whether you start after Class 12 or after graduation; the fundamentals are the same. The following is a step-by-step process that states the entire procedure to become a professional pilot in India:
Step 1: Meet the Basic Eligibility Criteria
This first involves making sure that you tick off the prerequisites. You should have passed 10+2 education, including Physics and Mathematics as compulsory subjects. Under this, you should have attained the age of 17 years of age to apply for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL) and excellent skills in the English language. It is also essential to be medically fit- you will have to pass a Class 1 DGCA-approved medical examination that includes an analysis of visual, auditory and BMI, cardiovascular fitness, etc.
Step 2: Choose a Reputable Flying School
Choose an internationally or DGCA-approved flying school either in India or in other countries. These are schools where both the ground school and theoretical and flight training are offered. The major flying schools and academies found in India are the Indira Gandhi Institute of Aeronautics (Chandigarh), Capt. Gopi Aviation Academy (Hyderabad) and Indira Gandhi Institute of Aviation Technology (Delhi). One should research the fleet, tutors, placements and success rates of the school before enrolling.
Step 3: Apply for a Student Pilot License (SPL)
To fly, you must have a Student Pilot License (SPL). With this license, you can enter the initial flight training with permission. To obtain it, you will have to pass a simple written test involving questions in the domain of air regulations, navigation, aircraft fundamentals and Class 2 medical assessment.
Step 4: Start Ground School and Flight Training
As part of the training, you will have ground lessons and in-flight practical experience. The curricula taught at the ground school include the mandatory aviation topics such as principles of flight, meteorology, air navigation, air regulation and aircraft systems. And there is also the inclusion of simulator sessions to equip you to handle the real-life flying cases. The actual flying will now start on a single-engine plane like a Cessna 152 or 17, 2, where you will accumulate the initial number of hours with an instructor before you start flying alone.
Step 5: Accumulate the Required Flying Hours
To qualify for the Commercial Pilot License, you must complete at least 200 hours of flight time. This includes:
- 100 hours as Pilot-in-Command (PIC)
- 20 hours of cross-country flying
- 10 hours of instrument flying (flying without visual references)
- 5 hours of night flying
Flight training also includes solo flights, dual flights with an instructor, and emergency procedure practice.
Step 6: DGCA Exams
To move towards getting the license, you are to pass the written exams of DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation). These examinations determine whether you learned the aviation topics that are covered in ground school. This will also ensure that your flying skills will be tested using check rides, where questioning will be involved and an in-flight test.
Step 7: Purchase the Necessary Licenses
When you are done with the training and all the examinations, you have the right to apply to the Commercial Pilot License (CPL). This license will enable you to fly as commercial pilot in India. There is some more as you will also be required to obtain Radio Telephony Restricted (RTR-A) license which will allow you to communicate legally with Air Traffic Control (ATC) on Indian side.
Step 8: Type Rating (Optional, but frequently required)
Once you have your CPL, most airlines will want you to have type rating training, a kind of special course to familiarise you to fly a particular make of aircraft, such as the Airbus A320, the Boeing 737, the ATR 72, etc. It is also a course that could be undertaken in DGCA-approved type rating centres and may be self-paid or airline-sponsored.
Step 9: Apply to Airline Jobs or Other Aviation Positions
Now that you have your CPL and your type rating, you can proceed to the aviation industry. You can seek employment at First Officers in the commercial airline industry, or get a job in charter flights, corporate flights, cargo carrier services, or teaching flying. It is also possible to join the Indian Air Force as a pilot through good selection procedures.
Salary of a Pilot in India
Pilot salaries in India vary based on experience, aircraft type, and employer.
- Commercial Pilot (Fresh CPL holder): ₹1.5 – ₹3 lakh/month
- Experienced First Officer (2–3 years): ₹4 – ₹6 lakh/month
- Captain (senior level): ₹6 – ₹10+ lakh/month
- International Captains (wide-body aircraft): ₹12 – ₹18+ lakh/month
- Indian Air Force Pilot: ₹70,000 – ₹1 lakh/month + perks
- Corporate/Charter Pilot: ₹2.5 – ₹4 lakh/month
- Foreign Airlines: ₹10 – ₹25 lakh/month (often tax-free)
Additional benefits may include bonuses, flight allowances, insurance, and family travel perks.
Also Read: How to Become a Judge
Licenses Required to Become a Pilot in India
To become a certified pilot in India, you must obtain licenses issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). Each license corresponds to a specific level of flying experience and authority.
Student Pilot License (SPL)
- Minimum Age: 16 years
- Purpose: Entry-level license to begin flying training
- Requirement: Pass a written exam and Class 2 medical test
Private Pilot License (PPL)
- Minimum Age: 17 years
- Flying Hours Required: Minimum 40–50 hours
- Purpose: For non-commercial, recreational flying
- Exam: Ground subjects + practical flying test
Commercial Pilot License (CPL)
- Minimum Age: 18 years
- Flying Hours Required: Minimum 200 hours
- Purpose: Allows you to work as a paid pilot for airlines or cargo
- Exams: DGCA theory exams + Class 1 medical + flight tests
Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL)
- Minimum Age: 21 years
- Flying Hours Required: 1,500 hours
- Purpose: Required to become a Captain in commercial airlines
- Exam: Advanced theoretical and practical tests
Additional Licenses/Certifications
- Radio Telephony Restricted License (RTR-A): For communication with Air Traffic Control
- Instrument Rating (IR): Required to fly under instrument flight rules
- Multi-Engine Rating (MER): Required to fly aircraft with more than one engine
How to Become a Commercial Pilot?
Becoming a Commercial Pilot in India involves a structured process regulated by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:
Meet the Eligibility Criteria
- Minimum Age: 18 years
- Education: 10+2 with Physics and Mathematics
- Medical Fitness: Pass DGCA Class 1 Medical Examination
Get a Student Pilot License (SPL)
- Enrol in a DGCA-approved flying school
- Pass a written test covering air regulations, aviation meteorology, and aircraft basics
- Begin basic flight training
Complete Ground School Training
Learn theory subjects like:
- Air Navigation
- Meteorology
- Aircraft & Engines
- Air Regulations
- Radio Telephony
- Appear for DGCA theory exams
Undergo Flying Training
Accumulate at least 200 hours of total flying time, which must include:
- 100 hours as Pilot-in-Command (PIC)
- 20 hours cross-country
- 10 hours instrument flying
- 5 hours of night flying
Pass the Skill Test
- A practical flying test evaluated by a DGCA examiner
- Includes route flying, emergency procedures, and overall aircraft handling
Apply for a Commercial Pilot License (CPL)
- Once all flying hours and tests are completed
- Submit documents and logbook to DGCA
- Upon approval, receive your CPL
A CPL allows you to apply for jobs as a pilot in commercial airlines, charter companies, cargo services, and more.
How Much Does it Cost to Become a Commercial Pilot?
The cost of becoming a commercial pilot in India can be substantial and varies depending on several factors. The Total Estimated Cost is around ₹50-80 lakhs. Here’s a breakdown of the potential expenses:
Flight Training Costs
- Private Pilot License (PPL): ₹15-20 lakhs
- Commercial Pilot License (CPL): ₹20-30 lakhs
- Total flight training cost: ₹35-50 lakhs
Ground School Fees
- Theoretical training: ₹2-3 lakhs
Medical Examinations Costs
- Class 1 Medical Certificate: ₹10,000 – ₹15,000 (initial)
- Annual renewals: ₹5,000 – ₹10,000
DGCA Examination Fees
- Theoretical exams: ₹50,000 – ₹1 lakh
- Practical tests: ₹20,000 – ₹30,000
Additional Ratings Costs
- Instrument Rating: ₹3-5 lakhs
- Multi-Engine Rating: ₹5-7 lakhs
- Study Materials and Equipment Fees: ₹50,000 – ₹1 lakh
It’s important to note that these are approximate figures and can vary based on the flying school, location, and individual progress.
Conclusion
From understanding eligibility criteria to navigating flight schools, licensing, and physical requirements, the process of how to become a pilot in India can be difficult but very rewarding. Becoming a pilot in India requires dedication, investment, and persistence. Whether you choose the commercial aviation route or a defence pilot career, following the right steps can help you achieve your dream.
Stay committed, work hard, and soon, you’ll be soaring in the skies!
Also Read: How to Become a Journalist in India
FAQs
How can I become an airline pilot?
To become an airline pilot, you need to gain extensive flight experience and obtain the necessary certifications, including a Commercial Pilot License (CPL), Instrument Rating, and potentially an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) license.
How many years does it take to become a pilot?
It takes a significant amount of time and training to become a pilot, varying depending on the specific path and desired level of certification. Generally, it can take between 1 and 5 years, from completing high school (Class 12) to obtaining a commercial pilot’s license (CPL) or becoming a pilot for a major airline.
What should I study to become a pilot after the 10th?
To become a pilot after the 10th, you should choose the Science stream in 10+2, focusing on Physics and Mathematics. You’ll also need to fulfil specific eligibility requirements, including a minimum age of 16 for a Student Pilot License and 17 for a Private Pilot License.
What qualifications are required to become a pilot?
To become a pilot, aspiring pilots must first complete secondary education (10+2), ideally with a background in Physics and Mathematics. They must then complete flight training at an approved flying school or aviation academy, passing both theoretical and practical examinations. Additionally, they need to obtain the necessary pilot licenses, starting with a Student Pilot License and progressing through a Private Pilot License to a Commercial Pilot License.
Can a female candidate become a pilot after the 12th?
Yes. A female candidate can become a pilot after completing 12th grade. To pursue a career as a pilot, they need to meet the basic requirements, which include passing 12th grade with Science subjects (Physics and Mathematics) and potentially attending a flight training programme. The Indian Air Force also offers opportunities for women to become pilots after completing their 12th grade through the National Defence Academy (NDA).
